OVERVIEW: 1st generation infrared (IR) cameras were pioneering electro-optical devices that enabled thermal imaging for surveillance and targeting under low-light or night-time conditions. Initially developed for military and industrial use, they played a foundational role in early thermal sensing applications.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: These early IR cameras operated in the 3–5 µm (mid-wave) or 8–12 µm (long-wave) infrared spectrum using single-element detectors or low-resolution linear arrays that required mechanical scanning to produce a full image. Image quality was grainy and required significant post-processing or operator interpretation. Typically cooled by liquid nitrogen or Stirling coolers, they had low sensitivity and a limited field of view, but provided critical night vision capabilities during their era of deployment. Applications included surveillance, navigation, fire-control, and aircraft targeting pods, particularly during the Cold War.

ROLE SUMMARY:
Category: Infrared Imaging Sensor
Primary Use: Thermal surveillance and targeting
Function: Passive mid- or long-wave IR imaging (low resolution)
Platform: Ground vehicles, aircraft, naval vessels
Integration: Often standalone or analog-integrated with early fire-control and reconnaissance systems

See Specific information under [Sensors/EW] and [Properties] sections.

SOURCE:
U.S. Army Night Vision Laboratory Historical Archives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_camera
Jane’s Electro-Optical Systems